Your body has 206 bones. These bones serve various functions differently.
First, your bones provide structure in your body and help to provide shape. The muscles attached to bones and allow you to move. Without the bones, your body will become a heap of soft tissues without structure, and you will not be able to stand, walk, or move.
Second, the bones to help protect the organs of the body more vulnerable. For example, the bones of the skull protects the brain, the vertebrae of the spine (spine) to protect the spinal cord (spinal cord), and the ribs protect the heart and lungs. Third, the bones contain bone marrow (bone marrow), which make and store blood cells only.
Finally, the bones help your body control the collection of a variety of proteins and nutrients, including calcium and phosphorus. Cancer Definition Your body is made up of many small structures called cells. There are many types different from that cells grow to form the different parts of your body. During the growth and normal development, these cells continuously grow, divide, and create new cells.
This process continues throughout life even after you are no longer growing. The cells continued to divide and new cells to replace cells that are old and damaged. In a healthy body is able to control the growth and division of cells according to the needs of the body. Cancer is when these normal control of cells lost and cells began to grow and divide out of control.
The cells also become abnormal and has changed its functions in patients with cancer. There are many types of cancer are different. Cancer is usually named based on the type of cell that is affected. For example, lung cancer is caused by the cells that form outside the control lung, and breast cancer cells that make up the breast. A tumor is a collection (collection) of abnormal cells that gathered together. However, not all tumors are cancerous.
A tumor can be benign (not cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign tumors are usually less dangerous and are not able to spread to other parts of the body. Malignant tumors are usually more serious and can spread to other areas of the body. The ability of cancer cells to leave their original location and moved to another location within the body is called metastasis.
Metastases can occur in cancer cells enter the blood stream or body of the lymph system (lymphatic system) to walk to other places in the body. When cancer cells metastasize to other parts of the body, they are still called with the type of origin of the abnormal cells. For example, if a group of cells into the diseased breast cancer and metastasize to the bones, it is called a metastatic cancer payudra. Many different types of cancer are able to metastasize to the bones.
Types of the most common cancers that spread to the bones are lung, breast, prostate, thyroid, and kidney. Most of the time, when people have cancer in their bones, it is caused by cancer that has spread from elsewhere in the body to the bones. It is more common not to have an original bone cancer, a cancer that arises from cells that form bone. It is important to determine whether the cancer in the bone is from somewhere else or from a cancer of the bone cells.
Treatments for cancers that metastasize to bone have been based on the initial type of cancer. There are 2 kinds of bone cancer:
1. Metastatic bone cancer or secondary bone cancer: cancer of other organs that spread to the bone, so the cancer does not come from the bone. An example is lung cancer that spread to the bone, where the cancer cells resemble lung cells and is not a bone cell.
2. Primary bone cancer: a cancer originating from bone. Which belong to the primary bone cancer are:
- Mieloma multiple - Osteosarkoma
- Fibrosarkoma & Histiositoma malignant fibrous
- Kondrosarkoma
- Tumor Ewing
- Malignant Lymphoma bone.
Multiple MIELOMA
Multiple Mieloma a primary bone cancer most often found, which come from bone marrow cells that produce blood cells. Generally occurs in adults. These tumors can be about one or more bones so that pain can appear in one place or more. Complex treatment, which include chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery.
Osteosarkoma
Osteosarkoma (Sarcoma Osteogenik) is a malignant bone tumor, which is usually associated with periods of growth velocity during adolescence. Osteosarkoma a malignant tumor most often found in children. The average disease diagnosed at the age of 15 years. The incidence in boys and girls are equal, but at the end of adolescence this disease are more common in boys. The cause is certainly not unknown. The evidence supports that osteosarkoma is derived disease.
Osteosarkoma tends to grow in the femur (lower end), the upper arm bone (the top) and tibia (the top). End of these bones is an area where there is a change and the largest growth rate. However, osteosarkoma can also grow in other bones. The most common symptom is pain found. In line with the growth of tumors, can also occur swelling and limited movement. Tumors in the legs cause limping patients, whereas the tumor causes pain in the arm when the arm used to lift an object. Swelling of the tumor may be felt warm and slightly reddened.
Early signs of this disease may be a broken bone because tumors can cause bones to become weak. Fractures in the growth of tumor called a pathological fracture and often occurs after a routine movement.
# The usual examination: X-ray bone affected
# CT scans of affected bone
# Blood tests (including serum chemistry)
# Chest CT scan to see the spread to the lungs
# Open biopsy
# Skening bone to see the spread of tumors.
Before the surgery, which is usually given chemotherapy will cause tumors to shrink. Chemotherapy is also important because it will kill any tumor cells that had begun to spread. Chemotherapy is usually given:
- High-dose Methotrexate with leukovorin
- Doxorubicin (adriamycin)
- Cisplatin - Cyclophosphamide (sitoksan)
- Bleomycin.
If it has not happened spread to the lungs, then the life expectancy reaches 60%. Approximately 75% of patients survive to 5 years after the illness diagnosed.
